FAO/EMPRES-AH is constantly monitoring the avian influenza situation worldwide and compiles information from multiple national and international sources as well as peer-reviewed scientific articles. Close collaboration with country and regional offices, the implementation of avian influenza field surveillance projects, and networks of expertise like WOAH/FAO’s OFFLU (www.offlu.org) provide access to timely information on outbreaks, surveillance findings, and genetic similarities of circulating viruses or their virologic features. This information is stored in the EMPRES Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i+), a database that can be accessed online at https://empres-i.apps.fao.org.

Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on these map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Source: United Nations Geospatial. 2020. Map of the World. [Cited May 2025]. Modified with Emergency Prevention System Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and National Authorities data, 2025.

During the period from 10 June to 5 September 2025, at least one high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype (H5N1) and two low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus subtypes (H9N2, H10N3) have been reported in East, South, and Southeast Asia. H5Nx HPAI viruses continue to circulate in Asia and are well established in certain areas of the region.

Bhutan reported a single H5N1 HPAI outbreak in domestic birds in Samtse District. This represents the first officially reported H5N1 HPAI outbreak in 2025.

Cambodia reported 17 H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds across nine provinces, suggestive of an extensive circulation of the H5N1 HPAI virus in the country.

China reported three H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in Taiwan Province, one in geese farm, two in common quail farms (Coturnix coturnix).

India reported two H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds in Odisha State.

Indonesia reported at least 13 HPAI outbreaks in the period from June to August 2025.

In Japan, one H5N1 HPAI infection was detected in a White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Hokkaido Prefecture during June 2025, marking a significant decrease as compared to the previous reporting period. Meanwhile, linked to the previous outbreak in April 2025 in Hokkaido Prefecture, additional wild bird species involved were reported: Common Murre (Uria aalge), Grebe (Podicipidae), Slaty-backed Gull (Larus schistisagus) and Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia).

The Republic of Korea reported three outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI in poultry, including one duck farm in South Chungcheongnam Province, one chicken farm in South Gyeongsang Province, and one outbreak at a poultry storage facility in South Jeolla Province.

Viet Nam reported 12 H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds, including chicken and duck farms, in Bac Giang (1), Dak Lak (1), Dien Bien (1), Hai Phong (1), Nghe An (6), and Quang Ngan (2) provinces.

Despite lower activity during the North hemisphere summer, AI viruses continue to circulate extensively in some parts of Asia, resulting in occasional human cases. During the reporting period, Bangladesh and India reported one influenza A(H5N1) human infection. Cambodia reported 11 influenza A(H5N1) human infections in Kampot (1), Siem Reap (5), Svay Rieng (1), and Takeo (3), and Tboung Khmum (1) provinces, including four fatal outcomes. Additionally, China reported a total of five influenza A(H9N2) human infections in Anhui (1), Chongqing (1), Hubei (1), Hunan (1), and Sichuan (1) provinces as well as one influenza A(H10N3) human infection in Shaanxi Province.

Highly pathogenic H5N1, H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 viruses have demonstrated the ability to spread via migratory water birds. We consider avian influenza activity in Asia has reached its lowest in the period from June to September, therefore reports of outbreaks in poultry or detections in wild birds and humans are expected to increase over the coming months in the region.

The list of bird species affected by H5Nx HPAI globally is available HERE with the new species reported since 2021 highlighted in orange.